Alphabet

The Spanish alphabet (abecedario) has 27 letters — the standard 26 plus ñ.

Letter	Name	Sound	Example
A	like a in “father”	agua (water)
B	be	like English b, but softer between vowels	boca (mouth)
C	ce	before a/o/u: like k; before e/i: like s (Latin America) or th (Spain)	casa / ciudad
D	de	like English d at the start; like th in “the” between vowels	día / nada
E	like e in “bed”	enero (January)
F	efe	same as English f	fácil (easy)
G	ge	before a/o/u: like g in “go”; before e/i: like a raspy h	gato / gente
H	hache	always silent	hola (hello)
I	like ee in “see”	isla (island)
J	jota	like a raspy h — back of the throat	jugo (juice)
K	ka	same as English k (rare, mostly loanwords)	kilo
L	ele	same as English l	luna (moon)
M	eme	same as English m	mesa (table)
N	ene	same as English n	noche (night)
Ñ	eñe	like ny in “canyon”	niño (child)
O	like o in “go” (no glide)	oso (bear)
P	pe	like English p, but without the puff of air	padre (father)
Q	cu	always followed by ue/ui; the u is silent; sounds like k	queso (cheese)
R	erre	single r: a quick flap, like the dd in American “ladder”; double rr: trilled	pero / perro
S	ese	like English s	sol (sun)
T	te	like English t, but without the puff of air	taco
U	like oo in “food”	uva (grape)
V	uve	identical to b in modern Spanish — no distinction	vino (wine)
W	doble uve	like English w (rare, loanwords only)	wifi
X	equis	usually like ks; like j in some place names	éxito / México
Y	ye	like y in “yes”; alone, means “and” (pronounced like i)	yo (I)
Z	zeta	like s (Latin America) or th in “think” (Spain)	zapato (shoe)

Note: Ch and Ll used to be listed as separate letters in older Spanish dictionaries but were removed from the official alphabet in 1994.

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Homework

Memorize the Spanish alphabet. Letters, plus correct pronunciation.

The letters are easy (standard 26 plus ñ), so your focus should be on memorizing the correct pronunciation of each letter.